The Science of the Index

How the Index is built — and what the data says.

Five pillars derived from the Charter. Thirty-one sub-indicators on a 0–10 rubric. Three layered data sources. A standing Correction Notice protocol. And a single Pearson coefficient that tells the story of why the Charter is needed at all.

Foreword

The Index is the annual instrument by which the Custodian discharges its mandate under Article 12 of the Charter. The Index is published as the Report on Data Sovereignty Progress and is the principal vehicle by which the international community — citizens, States, institutions, and investors — may understand which Signatory States are actively advancing the principles of the Charter and at what pace.

The Index draws methodological inspiration from established international instruments: the Human Development Index, the SDG Index, the World Bank Logistics Performance Index, the World Bank Worldwide Governance Indicators, the WIPO Global Innovation Index, the Network Readiness Index, and the Government AI Readiness Index. Where useful conventions exist, the Custodian has adopted them. Where the Charter's specific commitments require departure from convention, the Custodian has departed and explained the departure.

The Index is progress-oriented: it captures movement toward the principles of the Charter, recognizing that no State is expected to begin its accession at the same starting point.
The Five Pillars

Each pillar derived from one or more Articles.

Pillars are weighted equally at twenty percent each in Edition 1.0. Weights are subject to review at each annual cycle and any change is published prior to the cycle in which it applies.

I

Constitutional and Legal Foundation

Charter mapping: Articles 2, 4, 11.

The legal recognition, in domestic law, of the rights of the Data Owner and the limits on State authority over private data. This pillar measures whether the principles of the Charter are present in the constitutional, statutory, or framework law of the State, and whether the legal mechanisms necessary to vindicate those rights are available. Sub-indicators include: Data Sovereignty in framework law; Data Owner rights codified in statute; limits on State authority over data; the capital-crime exception narrowly framed and procedurally guarded; stated national-government policy refusing extraterritorial demands; a public registry of access requests; and the right of erasure with cryptographic verification.

Pioneer States to watch. Member States of the European Union benefit from the GDPR / Convention 108+ / adequacy framework. Council of Europe Convention 108 Parties and Convention 108+ ratifying States form the legal-recognition vanguard.

II

Technical and Operational Safeguards

Charter mapping: Article 3.

The presence in operational practice of the four inviolable protections: encryption at rest, owner-permissioned access, owner retrievability, and owner retraction. This pillar measures whether the principles operate in fact in the State's public services, regulated industries, and reference systems. The pillar is not satisfied by the presence of policy alone — it asks for evidence that, in real-world operation, the technical apparatus delivers what the law promises.

III

Universal Identifier and Agent Provenance

Charter mapping: Articles 5, 6.

The presence of a Universal Identifier framework consistent with Charter Article 5, and the presence of a regime for the registration and accountability of Autonomous Agents under Article 6. This pillar measures whether the State has established the technical and legal scaffolding for cryptographic attribution of human and non-human action — both for natural persons (with consent) and for the artificial intelligences, robotic systems, and connected devices that increasingly act in the world.

IV

Sovereign Haven Infrastructure

Charter mapping: Article 7.

The presence of the physical, policy, and operational conditions for the State to function as a Sovereign Data Haven: stated national-government policy on extraterritorial demands; data-center capacity; sustainable cooling and power infrastructure; and trained security capacity for critical data infrastructure. Edition 0 finds Pillar IV with a global average of 3.38 / 10, lower than any other pillar — the dimension along which the world is least prepared.

V

Ecosystem, Education, and Implementation

Charter mapping: Articles 8, 10.

The presence of the institutional and educational infrastructure that supports long-term implementation: National Authority designation, legislative work in progress, Sovereign Compute Pilots, higher-education curricula, civil-society engagement, and Annual Survey participation. Edition 0 finds Pillar V leading the global pillar averages at 5.51 / 10.

Source datasets

The thirteen open-source spines of Edition 0.

Edition 0 is constructed from open-source data alone. Each sub-indicator is scored against a layered source stack — the table below shows the principal source datasets and what they contribute. The Office of the Custodian welcomes corrections and additional data from any State, scholar, or institution.

DatasetProviderUsed for
Global Cybersecurity Index 2024ITUPillar II — operational cybersecurity tier rating
UN E-Government Development IndexUnited NationsPillar V — digital service maturity
Cyberlaw TrackerUNCTADPillar I — comprehensive data-protection statute presence
Data Protection Laws of the WorldDLA PiperPillar I — corroboration of UNCTAD-Cyberlaw entries
Constitute ProjectComparative ConstitutionsPillar I — constitutional-level recognition
Convention 108 / 108+ Party ListCouncil of EuropePillar I — international-treaty alignment
Adequacy Decisions RegisterEuropean UnionPillar I — third-country adequacy status
ID4D Global DatasetWorld BankPillar III — foundational identity infrastructure
AI Policy ObservatoryOECDPillar III, V — national AI policy presence
Global Data Center MarketsCushman & WakefieldPillar IV — data-center capacity (top markets)
Global Data Center TrendsCBREPillar IV — corroboration of capacity figures
Privacy Authority RegistryIAPPPillar I — designated supervisory authority presence
Open Government Partnership MembershipOGPPillar V — civil-society engagement signal
The correlation finding

The case for the Charter, expressed in a single coefficient.

Supplement A tests, against open-source data on global data-center infrastructure, whether and how strongly the world's investment in physical data-center capacity tracks the world's investment in the legal-constitutional and technical-operational frameworks that the Charter asks of States.

Pearson correlations (top 100 DC markets)

Pillar IV — Sovereign Haven0.693
Pillar III — Universal ID0.659
Pillar II — Technical Safeguards0.658
IDSI Composite0.629
Pillar V — Ecosystem0.507
Pillar I — Legal Foundation0.352

The reading

The world has invested heavily in the physical layer of data infrastructure. The top 100 markets host thousands of data-center facilities; the top fifteen alone host more than 8,000.

The world has invested less uniformly in the constitutional layer. Across the same top 100, the Pillar I average ranges from below 3 to above 8.8. The correlation between the two layers — at r = 0.352 — is only moderate-to-weak.

Read across all five pillars, the message is consistent: the global data-center build-out is, on the public record, ahead of the global build-out of constitutional and legal sovereignty frameworks for data. That gap is precisely what the Charter exists to close.

Read the full analysis (Supplement A)

Public methodology — free of charge.

The methodology is published as a permanent, freely-downloadable reference. The data-rich Edition 0 report is a paid publication that funds the work of the Custodian. Both can be obtained from the Office of the Custodian.

Download the methodology (PDF)